Standard 1: Students will understand the nature of changes in matter.
Objective 1: Describe the chemical and physical properties of various substances.
a. Differentiate between chemical and physical properties.
b. Classify substances based on their chemical and physical properties (e.g., reacts with water, does
not react with water, flammable or nonflammable, hard or soft, flexible or nonflexible, evaporates
or melts at room temperature).
c. Investigate and report on the chemical and physical properties of a particular substance.
Objective 2: Observe and evaluate evidence of chemical and physical change.
a. Identify observable evidence of a physical change (e.g., change in shape, size, phase).
b. Identify observable evidence of a chemical change (e.g., color change, heat or light given off,
change in odor, gas given off).
c. Observe and describe chemical reactions involving atmospheric oxygen (e.g., rust, fire,
respiration, photosynthesis).
d. Investigate the effects of chemical change on physical properties of substances (e.g., cooking a
raw egg, iron rusting, polymerization of a resin).
Objective 3: Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in
a physical or chemical change, and relate the kind of energy added to the motion of the particles.
a. Identify the kinds of energy (e.g., heat, light, sound) given off or taken in when a substance
undergoes a chemical or physical change.
b. Relate the amount of energy added or taken away from a substance to the motion of molecules in
the substance.
c. Measure and graph the relationship between the states of water and changes in its temperature.
d. Cite evidence showing that heat may be given off or taken in during a chemical change (e.g.,
striking a match, mixing vinegar and antacid, mixing ammonium chloride and water).
e. Plan and conduct an experiment, and report the effect of adding or removing energy on the
chemical and physical changes.
Objective 4: Identify the observable features of chemical reactions.
a. Identify the reactants and products in a given chemical change and describe the presence of the
same atoms in both the reactants and products.
b. Cite examples of common significant chemical reactions (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration,
combustion, rusting) in daily life.
c. Demonstrate that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction (e.g., mix two solutions that result in a
color change or formation of a precipitate and weigh the solutions before and after mixing).
d. Experiment with variables affecting the relative rates of chemical changes (e.g., heating, cooling,
stirring, crushing, concentration).
e. Research and report on how engineers have applied principles of chemistry to an application
encountered in daily life (e.g., heat-resistant plastic handles on pans, rust-resistant paints on
highway bridges).
Objective 1: Describe the chemical and physical properties of various substances.
a. Differentiate between chemical and physical properties.
b. Classify substances based on their chemical and physical properties (e.g., reacts with water, does
not react with water, flammable or nonflammable, hard or soft, flexible or nonflexible, evaporates
or melts at room temperature).
c. Investigate and report on the chemical and physical properties of a particular substance.
Objective 2: Observe and evaluate evidence of chemical and physical change.
a. Identify observable evidence of a physical change (e.g., change in shape, size, phase).
b. Identify observable evidence of a chemical change (e.g., color change, heat or light given off,
change in odor, gas given off).
c. Observe and describe chemical reactions involving atmospheric oxygen (e.g., rust, fire,
respiration, photosynthesis).
d. Investigate the effects of chemical change on physical properties of substances (e.g., cooking a
raw egg, iron rusting, polymerization of a resin).
Objective 3: Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in
a physical or chemical change, and relate the kind of energy added to the motion of the particles.
a. Identify the kinds of energy (e.g., heat, light, sound) given off or taken in when a substance
undergoes a chemical or physical change.
b. Relate the amount of energy added or taken away from a substance to the motion of molecules in
the substance.
c. Measure and graph the relationship between the states of water and changes in its temperature.
d. Cite evidence showing that heat may be given off or taken in during a chemical change (e.g.,
striking a match, mixing vinegar and antacid, mixing ammonium chloride and water).
e. Plan and conduct an experiment, and report the effect of adding or removing energy on the
chemical and physical changes.
Objective 4: Identify the observable features of chemical reactions.
a. Identify the reactants and products in a given chemical change and describe the presence of the
same atoms in both the reactants and products.
b. Cite examples of common significant chemical reactions (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration,
combustion, rusting) in daily life.
c. Demonstrate that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction (e.g., mix two solutions that result in a
color change or formation of a precipitate and weigh the solutions before and after mixing).
d. Experiment with variables affecting the relative rates of chemical changes (e.g., heating, cooling,
stirring, crushing, concentration).
e. Research and report on how engineers have applied principles of chemistry to an application
encountered in daily life (e.g., heat-resistant plastic handles on pans, rust-resistant paints on
highway bridges).